Issue Category: Public Health Funding

Trust for America’s Health Applauds the Bipartisan Policy Center Report Public Health Forward: Modernizing the U.S. Public Health System

Sustained Investment in the nation’s public health system is critical to safeguarding the nation’s health security and achieving health equity

(Washington, DC – December 2, 2021) – Trust for America’s Health (TFAH) applauds and strongly endorses the Bipartisan Policy Center (BPC) report, Public Health Forward: Modernizing the U.S. Public Health System, released today. The report describes the ways COVID-19 exposed weaknesses in the nation’s public health system and pervasive disparities in conditions that affect Americans’ health. It outlines a five-year vision and actionable framework for how state, territorial and local elected and public health officials can enhance their jurisdiction’s public health infrastructure. TFAH’s President and CEO J. Nadine Gracia, M.D., MSCE and Distinguished Visiting Fellow David Fleming, M.D. served on the report’s Public Health Advisory Group.

The infusion of pandemic relief funds is an opportunity to address the community conditions that negatively impact health, according to the report.  And public health has a critical role to play by addressing health inequities, working to reverse the surge in the number of Americans living with a chronic disease, promoting healthy eating and active living, controlling infectious disease, and preventing injuries.

“BPC’s report is critical reading for policymakers. It provides a roadmap for the public health system our nation’s needs to protect everyone’s health, including communities currently at disproportionate risk due to systemic inequities,” said J. Nadine Gracia, President and CEO of Trust for America’s Health. “The report should guide immediate and sustained investment in public health.”

Many of the report’s policy recommendations align with recent Trust for America’s Health recommendations. Both BPC and TFAH are calling for the following:

  • Increase and sustain predictable and flexible public health funding. TFAH recommends an annual $4.5 billion public health infrastructure fund to support foundational public health capabilities at the federal, state, local, territorial and Tribal levels.
  • Invest in programs to address health inequities, including the root causes of disease and the impact of the social determinants of health.
  • Strengthen public health data collection and sharing. Data should be collected and disaggregated by race, ethnicity and other sociodemographic characteristics so the impacts of policies, interventions and health conditions on specific population and sub-populations groups are known.
  • Invest in the recruitment and retention of a diverse, well-trained public health workforce.
  • Protect public health departments’ ability to make science-based decisions free from inappropriate political influence.

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Trust for America’s Health is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that promotes optimal health for every person and community and makes the prevention of illness and injury a national priority.

 

TFAH Applauds Court’s Decision Preserving the Affordable Care Act

Decision strengthens the nation’s healthcare system, protects healthcare access for 31 million Americans and will help address health disparities

(Washington, DC — June 17, 2021) – Trust for America’s Health applauds today’s Supreme Court’s decision in California v. Texas for the ways in which it protects healthcare access for 31 million Americans and will help address the nation’s health disparities.

“Access to affordable healthcare is fundamental to individual health. It is also fundamental to achieving health equity. While as a nation we still have a lot of work to do to achieve good health for every individual, today’s court decision keeps us moving in the right direction – it will save lives,” says John Auerbach, President and CEO of Trust for America’s Health.

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 31 million people have gained health insurance through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) including many who lost employment and health coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic.[i]  Since the ACA, rates of people without health insurance have decreased in every state, with states that expanded Medicaid experiencing the largest reductions.[ii]

The ACA is transformative legislation in at least three ways: the number of Americans who can now access medical care when they are ill or to deal with chronic conditions (78 percent of U.S. adults 55 and older have at least one chronic condition);[iii] the illness it prevented as millions of Americans gained access to preventive care and screenings and other life-saving services previously inaccessible to them;[iv] and the ways in which it resulted in improved access to healthcare for people of color, reducing – although not eliminating – longstanding healthcare access disparities.

Prior to the ACA, non-Hispanic Black Americans were 70 percent more likely to be uninsured than were whites and the uninsured rate for Hispanics was nearly three times the uninsured rate for whites.[v] Once the ACA was in place, Hispanics had the largest decrease in uninsurance rates, falling from 32.6 percent to 19.1 percent between 2010 and 2016. Uninsurance rates also fell for Asian and Black Americans by 8 percent during the same period.[vi]

Medicaid expansion states experienced significant coverage gains and reductions in uninsured rates among the low-income population broadly and within specific vulnerable populations.[vii] According to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, expanding Medicaid coverage to low-income adults led to significant benefits to those individuals and families including improved access to care, improved health outcomes and increased financial stability – including a reduction in medical debt per person gaining coverage via the expansion.[viii] A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research found states that expanded Medicaid had an estimated 19,200 fewer adult deaths (ages 55 to 64) between 2014 and 2017 than did states that did not expand Medicaid.[ix]

The decision also has major implications for public health by protecting over $16 billion in funding over the next 10 years (FY 2022-FY 2031) for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other public health agencies. The Prevention and Public Health Fund, a dedicated funding stream created by the ACA and specifically designated for public health and prevention, funds approximately 11 percent of the CDC’s budget. These funds are put to work in every state to expand immunizations, prevent suicide, modernize laboratory and epidemiology services to detect and contain disease outbreaks, prevent childhood lead poisoning, and help smokers quit.

Also preserved are the requirement that insurers not refuse coverage due to preexisting conditions, the provision disallowing annual or lifetime limits on essential care, and the requirement that insurers cover recommended clinical preventive services without cost-sharing: all essential to Americans’ health.

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[i] HHS, HHS Press Office. New HHS Data Show More Americans Than Ever Have Health Coverage Through the Affordable Care Act. June 5, 2021. New HHS Data Show More Americans than Ever Have Health Coverage through the Affordable Care Act | HHS.gov

[ii] ibid

[iii] CDC, National Center for Health Statistics. Percentage of U.S. Adults over 55 with Chronic Conditions. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/health_policy/adult_chronic_conditions.htm

[iv] Garfield R, Orgera K, Damico A. The uninsured and the ACA: a primer—key facts about health insurance and the uninsured amidst changes to the Affordable Care Act [Internet]. San Francisco (CA): Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; 2019 Jan 25.  https://www.kff.org/uninsured/report/the-uninsured-and-the-aca-a-primer-key-facts-about-health-insurance-and-the-uninsured-amidst-changes-to-the-affordable-care-act/ Google Scholar

[v] Buchmueller TC, Levinson ZM, Levy HG, Wolfe BL. Effect of the Affordable Care Act on racial and ethnic disparities in health insurance coverage. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(8):1416–21

[vi] Garfield R, Orgera K, Damico A. The uninsured and the ACA: a primer—key facts about health insurance and the uninsured amidst changes to the Affordable Care Act [Internet]. San Francisco (CA): Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; 2019 Jan 25.  https://www.kff.org/uninsured/report/the-uninsured-and-the-aca-a-primer-key-facts-about-health-insurance-and-the-uninsured-amidst-changes-to-the-affordable-care-act/ Google Scholar

[vii] Madeline Guth, et al. The Effects of Medicaid Expansion Under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review. March 17, 2020.

[viii] Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. The Far-Reaching Benefits of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion. October 21, 2020. The Far-Reaching Benefits of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion | Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (cbpp.org)

[ix] Madeline Guth, et al. The Effects of Medicaid Expansion Under the ACA: Updated Findings from a Literature Review. March 17, 2020.

Annual Deaths Due to Alcohol, Drugs or Suicide Exceeded 156,000 According to the Most Recent Data

Preliminary data shows COVID-19 crisis created higher rates of mental distress, substance use, and drug overdose; 2019 alcohol deaths were higher for every adult age group

(Washington, DC and Oakland, Ca) – May 18, 2021 – Newly released data show that 156,242 Americans died due to alcohol, drugs or suicide in 2019, a record number of such deaths in a single year.  Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic increased stress and related substance use for many Americans.

During 2019, alcohol and drug-induced deaths increased, while suicide rates were slightly lower. Over the last decade, 2009 – 2019, the number of alcohol and drug related and suicide deaths increased by 52 percent.  These data are part of a report releasing today, Pain in the Nation: Alcohol, Drug and Suicide Deaths, the latest in a series of reports tracking the nation’s deaths of despair crisis produced by Trust for America’s Health and Well Being Trust.

Americans dying due to drug-induced causes was five percent higher in 2019 than the previous year, for a total of 74,511 deaths. The data are also beginning to show changes in the most affected population groups.  For many years, the death rate for drug overdoses among whites was substantially higher than other racial groups, data are now showing dramatic increases in drug related deaths for certain populations of color. For the year, drug-induced deaths were up by 15 percent among Latinos and Blacks, 11 percent for American Indians and 10 percent for people of Asian descent. Among whites’ drug-induced deaths rose by 2 percent for the year.

For the first time since 2005, 2019 deaths rates from drugs for Black people was higher than that of whites.

Synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, (up 16%), cocaine (up 8%) and other psychostimulants (e.g., methamphetamine and ecstasy) (up 28%) continue to drive drug-induced deaths higher. Natural/semisynthetic opioids (e.g., Prescription opioids) and heroin overdoses declined for the year.

In 2019, 39,043 Americans died from alcohol-related causes, up 4 percent over 2018.  It was the tenth year in a row that the alcohol death rate increased.  Alcohol deaths were highest among American Indians (31.9 deaths per 100,000 people), adults over 55 (28.3 deaths per 100,000 people) and males (15.2 deaths per 100,000 people). All groups, except children, had a higher rate of alcohol deaths in 2019 compared with 2018 and early 2020 data show that rates of consumption are continuing to increase.

One bright spot in the data is that for the year (2019), the age-adjusted suicide rate declined from 14.2 to 13.9 deaths per 100,000 deaths, a 2 percent decrease. Americans who died by suicide in 2019 totaled 47,511. This decline in suicide deaths was the first since 2005 and is statistically significant. Preliminary 2020 data show a further small decrease in suicides despite the COVID crisis.

States with the highest age-adjusted death rates from alcohol, drugs and suicide combined in 2019 were New Mexico (88 deaths per 100,000 people) and West Virginia (85.1 deaths per 100,000 people).

“These data underscore, yet again, the massive problem we have had on our hands in this country,” said Benjamin Miller, PsyD, Chief Strategy Officer, Well Being Trust. “The trends are clear we are going in the wrong direction. If we are serious about addressing mental health and addiction, we must invest in strategies that are comprehensive and integrated. Incremental tinkering will not change the course or direction sufficiently enough – it’s time for bold leadership to demand more.”

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted Americans in almost inconceivable ways including illness, the loss of loved ones, job loss, financial stress, food insecurity, social isolation, and learning loss and the interruption of school-based services for millions of children. These stressors are impacting rates of alcohol and drug use and drug overdose deaths as more people turn to substances to help them cope.

From March 2019 to March 2020, the number of calls to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Disaster Distress Helpline increased by 891 percent.  The U.S. Household Pulse Survey found that the number of adults reporting symptoms of anxiety or depression from April 2020 through March 2021 was triple the number who reported such symptoms in 2019. A June 2020 CDC study found that 13 percent of adults “started or increased substance use to cope with pandemic-related stress or emotions.”

“The drug, alcohol and suicide crisis has been growing for a decade and growing in uneven ways. The COVID crisis has increased stress on all Americans and has worsened the differential impact of health inequities on communities of color. While all Americans need support coping with the pandemic, people who are currently struggling with addiction or a mental health issue need urgent attention,” said John Auerbach, President and CEO Trust for America’s Health.

The report includes policy solutions and recommendations including:

  • Expand programs that support families and communities and reduce traumatic experiences, particularly in childhood.
  • Expand access to substance use prevention programs and mental health and resiliency programs in schools.
  • Tailor prevention and intervention programs for communities of color.
  • Strengthen crisis intervention programs and supports.
  • Increase access to mental health and substance use healthcare through full enforcement of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act.
  • Reduce availability of illicit opioids and psychostimulants.
  • Limit access to lethal means of suicide.
  • Expand efforts to combat stigma about mental health issues.
  • Improve mental health data accuracy, completeness and timeliness.
  • Expand the mental health and substance use treatment workforce; promote diversity and culturally informed practices within the workforce.
  • Build community capacity for early identification and intervention with individuals who need mental health care.

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 Trust for America’s Health is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that promotes optimal health for every person and community and makes the prevention of illness and injury a national priority.

Well Being Trust is a national foundation dedicated to advancing the mental, social, and spiritual health of the nation. Created to include participation from organizations across sectors and perspectives, Well Being Trust is committed to innovating and addressing the most critical mental health challenges facing America, and to transforming individual and community well-being. www.wellbeingtrust.org. Twitter: @WellBeingTrust